Booting process

 

Booting

Booting is basically the process of starting the computer. When the CPU is first switched on it has nothing inside the Memory. In order to start the Computer, load the Operating System into the Main Memory and then Computer is ready to take commands from the User. Learn the types of booting.

Booting happens when you start the computer. This happens when we turned ON the power or the  computer restarts. The system BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) makes the peripheral devices active. Further, it requires that the boot device loads the operating system into the main memory.



Types of Booting

Booting is the process of switching on the computer and starting the operating system. When a computer is switched on, The boot process loads the operating system into the main memory  (RAM) installed inside it. Types of computer are Cold Booting And Warm Booting.

  • Cold Booting

    A cold boot is also called a hard boot. It is the process when we first start the computer. In other words, when the computer is started from its initial state by pressing the power button it is called cold boot. The instructions are read from the ROM and the operating system is loaded in the main memory.

    Warm Booting

    Warm Boot is also called soft boot. It refers to when we restart the computer. Here, the computer does not start from the initial state. When the system gets stuck sometimes it is required to restart it while it is ON. Therefore, in this condition the warm boot takes place. Restart button or CTRL+ALT+DELETE keys are used for warm boot.

Steps In the Booting Process

Booting is the process of switching on the computer and starting the operating system. 6 steps in the booting process are BIOS and Setup Program, The Power-On-Self-Test (POST), The Operating System Loads, System Configuration, System Utility Loads, and Users Authentication.


Booting Process Of Computer Step By Step


Step 1: BIOS and Setup Program

  • -ROM(read-only memory): it is a permanent and unchanging memory also

  • -BIOS (basic input/output system ): the part of the system software that includes the instructions that the computer uses to accept input and output

  • -Load: to transfer from a storage device to memory. The ROM loads BIOS into the computer’s memory

  • -Setup program: a special program containing settings to control hardware.  Furthermore,  the program can only be accessed while the BIOS information is visible.

Step 2: The Power-On-Self-Test (POST)

  • -POST (Power-On Self-Test): a series of tests conducted on the computer’s main memory, input/output devices, disk drives, and the hard disk.

  • -BIOS conducts Power-On-Self-Test to check the input/ output system for operability.

  • -The computer will produce a beeping sound if any problem occurs. An error message will also appear on the monitor

Step 3: The Operating System (OS) Loads

BIOS  searches for the operating system.

  • -Setting in CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor determines where to look for the operating system.

  • -In this step, the operating system’s kernel is also loaded into the computer’s memory.

  • -The operating system takes control of the computer and begins loading system configuration information.

Step 4: System Configuration

  • -Registry: a database to store information about peripherals and software

  • -Peripheral: a device connected to a computer

  • -Drive: a utility program that makes peripheral devices function properly
  • The operating system’s registry configures the system.

  • In this step, drivers are also loaded into memory.

Step 5: System Utility Loads

  • -System utilities are loaded into memory.

  • -Volume control

  • -Antivirus software

  • -PC card unplugging utility

Step 6: Users Authentication

  • -Authentication or user login occurs

  • -Username

  • -Password

The above-mentioned steps play an important role in booting a computer. After all this process, the user interface starts, enabling user interaction with the computer and its programs also.



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